Labor issues surrounding the Department of education

Introduction The education department is facing serious labor issues with teachers being mistreated and many saying that teachers are paid way below their qualification. This paper will thus discuss recent labor issues surrounding the department of education and their teachers, specifically those in Seattle, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Labor issues surrounding the Department of education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It will discuss whether any progress has been made to resolve the issues. The paper will finally discuss the importance these particular cases may have for future cases, particularly for the current situation in New York between the department of education and its employees. Discussion Recent labor issues surrounding the department of education and their teachers in Seattle In Seattle, teaching salaries vary depending on the academic level of the instructor , locality, and working experience. Teachers in the state, therefore, get different earnings for their work and this leads to discontentment with those salaries. Teachers at the bottom of the pay scale earn around $47,100 to $51,180 with their counterparts earning around $75,190 to $80,970. These high disparities have led to severe labor issues in the nation department of education (Amarachuku, 2011). The issue of teacher recruitment and retention is another labor issue in Seattle. The capability of teachers to enter and stick to the profession depends on the features of the school as well as the district in which the school is located. Some schools lack the policies required for efficient recruitment and retention of teachers and this has posed a serious labor issue in the state (Amarachuku, 2011). Mistreatment of teachers by principals is another labor issue facing the department of education in Seattle. Head teachers mistreat instructors in terms of ignoring their needs, isolatin g them, holding back resources, overloading and even criticizing them (Amarachuku, 2011). Several actions have been taken to resolve the above issues in the state. For instance, school reform organizations in Seattle require that head teachers and instructors work together in a collaborative manner. School principals need to trust their teachers as well as the schools they lead.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This acts as a foundation for a friendly, honest and philosophical professional dialogue in the school organization and this makes it to develop as a powerful community of students who are responsible and competent. The educational department also requires that all teachers confront all types of administrative mistreatment that undermine them as instructors. Recent labor issues surrounding the department of education and their teachers in Wisconsin Teachers in Wisconsin on February 26, 2011 protested the planned budget repairs by Governor Scott Walker. The Governor announced that the 2011-2013 budget would include more than $800 million cuts in school funding. This posed a great threat not only to the salaries of teachers, but also to the learning of students across the region. Many people were watching the outcome of the planned actions and it was seen that the outcome would influence negotiations between many state governments in the country and organized labor. Thousands of people working in the education sector were and are facing a lot of difficulties including pay cuts and layoffs. While commenting on the planned actions a special-ed teacher, Jim Kammer, said: â€Å"I knew going into education that some people didn’t like educators, and that’s okay, but this is just disrespectful. Both my husband and I are special-ed teachers, and we went into teaching hoping that we could afford a house and have a solid income to support a fa mily. Now we wonder if we’ll be able to keep our home. It’s not what we wanted for our family.† (Clark, 2011) This crisis caused many teachers to lose a lot of teaching time as schools across the Wisconsin district shutdown with some closing for three days during the first week of protests. The governor was opposed to increasing taxes and argued that the only way to tackle the budget deficit was by union-busting. Teachers across the region argue that the budget deficit is not unique to the region as many other states are facing the same predicaments in their 2012- 2013 budgets. According to Kevin Cunningham, an associate lecturer in the university of Wisconsin, the bill posed a great threat to future teachers; he says, â€Å"I am trying to remain optimistic, but the bottom line is, is what we ask these future teachers to do worth it? No one goes into teaching expecting to make a lot of money, but people go in expecting to be treated as professionals who are capa ble of making decisions about their classrooms, and this bill would strip that from them.† (Clark, 2011)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Labor issues surrounding the Department of education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They argue that although Wisconsin falls in the middle compared to the other states, the worst hit states have not resulted to taking such draconian actions of cutting funding into the education system. The impact of this actions was seen in early March as many schools across Wisconsin began sending preliminary layoff notices to their teaching staff. By March 15, nine Wisconsin districts had given notices to schools to lay off teachers. The Walker’s planned budget repair bill was seen as one that would nullify union contracts held by teachers and this was going to affect many of those who stood to lose their employment without compensation (Clark, 2011). Although the regi on and the country as a whole is experiencing large budget deficits, the way to tackle this problem should not be primarily based on reducing funding to schools and laying off teachers. The region should adopt the various ways that other regions in the country are adopting in response to the crisis without necessarily threatening the future of education. Recent labor issues surrounding the department of education and their teachers in Pennsylvania The major problem that is facing the department of education and teachers in Pennsylvania concerning work is that teacher wearing religious symbols in their classes are discriminated. There has been a law in the state of Pennsylvania since 1895 that punishes teachers who wear religious symbols in their classrooms (Andren, 2011). Under the law, any teacher found wearing them could be suspended for one year and if there is a repeat the teacher may be permanently disqualified. The school board members are also criminally liable if they fail t o enforce the law in their schools. This law has come under criticism from many people and Pennsylvanian teachers are fighting it terming as a violation of the first amendment. Teachers in the region have faulted the department of education for enforcing this law and currently there are two members of the Pennsylvanian legislature who are pushing a bill to repeal the law (Andren, 2011). In 2003 a teacher, Brenda Nicole, successfully won a case against her dismissal after she wore a cross necklace in class (KERR, 2011). In April of that year, Brenda was suspended without pay for one year and this led to her suing the school and the education department for wrongful dismissal.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After winning the case, she was re-instated to her former position and she now continues to serve in her former position as a teacher. This discrimination against teachers has in the past threatened to bring learning to a standstill in the region and, therefore, there is need to have the law repealed or struck down by courts as being unconstitutional (Andren, 2011). The law that discriminates teachers who wear religious symbols in the classrooms should be scrapped as it contravenes the first amendment. Teachers should be allowed to dress the way they want, as long as they are decent and follow the dressing code of schools (KERR, 2011). Importance of these particular cases for future cases particularly; how it could affect the current situation in New York between the department of education and its employees The current situation in the New York’s education sector comprises of about 780 employees losing their jobs as a result of layoffs. The layoffs are the result of budget c uts to academic institutions, and since this has taken place in the last four years, then school principals in the state are now forced into making tough verdicts concerning what and whom to survive without. In the last few years, school aides in New York have been protected from layoffs by federal funds though 5% of them have currently lost their jobs. Financial cuts in the State have cost 2186 instructors their full time working in the city schools. Teachers have been protected from layoffs mostly because of the Bloomberg agreement, which provides them with small allowances in exchange for security of their jobs. New York’s district committee is held responsible for the layoffs. The Department of education statistics shows that the layoffs have caused a large number of teachers to retire leading to several vacancies in the education department. The above cases in Seattle, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania help future cases, for example the cases of teacher layoffs in New York, to be solved. It is surprising that New York also recruits young teachers while laying off excess old teachers. The above cases have helped solve the current situation in New York. In this state, the effect of leadership on student success has become evident with principle makers placing more pressure on head teachers. Rewards and punishments affecting school heads have become increasingly common in the state with the New York law threatening to fire school heads as a probable consequence in poor performing academic institutions. In New York, a small portion of a principal’s pay is determined by the professional standards associated with learner outcomes. These trends signify an increasing acceptance that head teachers play a crucial role in influencing students’ achievements and should be accountable for it. As a result of the above cases, the role of the school head has swelled to encompass a staggering range of professional duties and competencies. Principals in New Yo rk are expected to be instructive visionaries, educational and syllabus leaders, evaluation experts, disciplinarians, society builders and guardians of contractual and official mandates. Principals in New York are expected to pay attention to the contradictory wants of students, parents, tutors and federal agencies. The demands of the teaching profession in New York have thus changed so that conventional methods of preparing principals are no longer sufficient to satisfy the leadership challenges in public institutions. References Andren, K. (2011, June). Legislation would allow Pennsylvania teachers to wear religious insignias. Web. Amarachuku, E. C. (2011, June). Finding plan b: critical remedy construction for school districts operating under education equity consent decrees post Seattle and Louisville. Web. Clark, M. (2011, March). Wisconsin Teachers, Students Face Uncertain Future. Web. KERR, C. (2011, September). Teachers’ Religious Garb as an Instrument for Globalizati on in Education. Web. This research paper on Labor issues surrounding the Department of education was written and submitted by user Silver Crocodile to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies

The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies The labor environment and the specifics of the employees’ activities at their workplaces are changed significantly under the impact of globalization tendencies which can be discussed as characteristic features of the social and economic development in 21st century.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several decades ago, the job of the majority of people was closely associated with that definite workplace where employees could perform their functions as professionals. Thus, the activity of the staff depended on the place where they worked. Today, the situation is often rather opposite to the traditional vision of the occupational activity associated with the certain workplace. Many people have the opportunity to work in the international or foreign companies without leaving their houses. The othe r persons can freely work in the foreign countries to perform effectively as professionals in the definite field. Modern technologies allow the public’s avoiding all the geographical boundaries at their way to the desired work. The distributed workforce influenced by the globalization processes and dependent of the technological progress is characteristic for the modern work environment, and it is significant for forming a new social identity based on the occupational identity. Today, it is typically to refer to the labor market as independent from any boundaries. This vision is the result of the globalization tendencies. Moreover, the globalization process is closely connected with the idea of multiculturalism according to which laborers as the representatives of different cultures and nationalities can work together to complete the project and present the definite result.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your fir st paper with 15% OFF Learn More If several years ago work was often discussed as geographically tied, today a lot of migrations are characteristic for the labor market. Furthermore, this statement is right both for the people’s migrations and for the distribution of work. According to Huws, â€Å"there has thus been a double uprooting- a movement of jobs to people and a movement of people to jobs† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured 1). From this point, the mentioned situation created the conditions for the further accent on the distributed workforce as the characteristic feature of the modern labor environment. Huws pays attention to the fact that â€Å"the combination of technological change and globalization is bringing about fundamental changes in who does what work where, when, and how† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured 1). That is why, it is important to concentrate not only on the trends of globalization but also on the technological progress as the trigger for the further changes in the field. The technological progress has affected the development of the concept of the distributed workforce significantly. Today, employers pay much attention to the workers’ skills and knowledge without references to their location because it is possible to perform effectively and complete the tasks with the help of many modern technologies and software, being in any part of the world. Thus, according to Huws, the contemporary labor market is divided into fixed jobs and footloose jobs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Huws accentuates that fixedness is the characteristic of the traditional approach to the organization of work, â€Å"fixedness is the need for physical proximity to a particular spot, because the job directly involves the m aking, mending, cleaning, or moving of physical goods or the delivery of real personal services to people in real time and real space† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured 2). However, in the modern world, footloose jobs become more spread because of the potential flexibility of the workers. The accents are made on the quality of the work, but not on the location of the person who has completed it. Many researchers argue that the modern work environment where footloose jobs and the phenomenon of the distributed workforce are prevailing is oriented to employees with the developed IT skills in order to respond to the requirements of the market. Thus, ‘cyberworkers’ influence the social structures in cities based on the principles of employment and â€Å"they may become conduits for spreading the values and cultures of multinational corporations outward into their local communities and down the value chain into supplying companies† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or F ractured 7). However, the process of migrations and avoiding the occupational boundaries is also characteristic for people who do not work with communication technologies and do not have the developed IT skills. In this case, the general principle of transforming the labor market without references to the geographical boundaries works. In her article â€Å"The Making of a Cybertariat? Virtual Work in a Real World†, Huws states that â€Å"not all the new delocalized work involves technical software skills. In many developing countries there has also been a major growth in lower-skilled clerical work, such as data entry and typing, and in call-centre work† (Huws The Making of a Cybertariat 18). Thus, it is also important to focus on the correlation between the changes in the social structures in cities, in the notion of the social identity based on the concept of the occupational identity, in the public’s attitude toward fixed and footloose jobs as the requirement s of the modern development of the society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, it is possible to refer to the ideas that the real impact of globalization processes on the labor market is not as positive as the experts claim. The changes in the principles of work distribution brought a lot of changes in the whole system and affected the public in relation to the economic security and guarantees (Cao, Prakash, and Ward 320). Thus, today it is appropriate to use the fixed-term contracts where the terms of the work are rather short. The process is caused by the high level of the market competitiveness, and this situation contributes to creating some problems for employees when it is rather beneficial for employers. However, new tendencies in the organization of work and alternations in the labor market are important for forming a new occupational identity which is based on the more active role of the person’s individualism, developed skills, and high and effective performance. Globalization and the associated processes have led to changing the principles to discuss the work as associated with the certain place and territory. The traditional vision of the question is also inappropriate for the discussion of the social and occupational identities. The era of progressive communication technologies provide people with a lot of opportunities to choose between fixed and footloose jobs according to their own priorities, but not because of the definite national or cultural boundary. Modern employees work in the world without boundaries that is why the distributed workforce is important today to follow all the changes in the economic and labor environment immediately. Moreover, the changes in the understanding of the occupational identity also influenced the particular features of the social identity of those people migrate or live in the cities changed according to the social structures. Cao, Xun, Aseem Prakash, and Michael D. Ward. â€Å"Protecting Jobs in the Age of Globalization: Examining the Relative Salience of Social We lfare and Industrial Subsidies in OECD Countries†. International Studies Quarterly 51.1 (2007): 301–327. Print. Huws, Ursula. â€Å"Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured: Work, Identity, and the Spatial Division of Labor in the Twenty-First Century City†. Monthly Review 57.10 (2006): 1-10. Print. â€Å"The Making of a Cybertariat? Virtual Work in a Real World†. Social Register 37.1 (2001): 1-23. Print.

Bacterial And Viral Infections Essay Research Paper

Bacterial And Viral Infections Essay, Research Paper Bing portion of the Sports Medicine profession, Athletic Trainers have to be ready for anything and everything when it comes to handling their jocks. This includes acknowledgment, rating, instruction and bar of assorted jobs. One specific facet of this is holding a basic cognition of contagious diseases that is seen all excessively normally in Athletics. Some illustrations of this include Tinea Pedis ( Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot ) , Conjunctivitis ( tap oculus ) , and Tinea Corporis ( tinea ) . Although these conditions aren # 8217 ; t life endangering, they are annoying and can intend remotion from drama for the person. Early acknowledgment by the jock and Athletic Trainer means immediate intervention and loss of pattern can be kept to a lower limit. Tinea Pedis, normally known as # 8220 ; Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot # 8221 ; , is one of the most prevailing and distinguishable conditions a individual can contract. Over 10 % of the population develops Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot every twelvemonth and 75 % of the US population will hold Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot sometime in their lives ( Hamann, 1994 ) . It seldom occurs before pubescence and is found more often in stripling and immature grownup males. Tinea Pedis is normally contracted by walking barefoot on moisture 2 floors around swimming pools and public showers that are contaminated. These countries stay warm and moist all the clip and this promotes abundant growing of the Fungis. While all jocks are prone to this job because of profuse sudating on a day-to-day footing, swimmers are the beginning of a great figure of Tinea Pedis instances. Diagnosis of Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot is normally made from history and clinical scrutiny. Microscopic scrutiny of a wet saddle horse of skin scrapings in a 10 % K hydroxide solution can uncover branched fungal signifiers, therefore corroborating the diagnosing. It is largely found between the 3rd and 4th and 4th and 5th toes but may widen onto the plantar or dorsal forefoot. As stated above, moist environment promotes the growing of the Fungis and Gram-negative bacteriums that is besides present on the tegument in these countries. The normal sourness of the tegument is decreased, which favors the growing of these pathogens. Fungi ab initio damage the outer bed of the cuticle and that causes the dry and lepidote Athlete # 8217 ; s pes visual aspect. As the action of Fungi and bacteriums continue, redness additions and fluid may be excreted from the affected countries. This causes more hurting, inflammation and itchiness. If left untreated, bacterial growing could rule and take 3 to eroding of the plantar tegument. Some marks and symptoms of Tinea Pedis are damp, soft red or grey-white graduated tables on the pess, cracked, skining and dead tegument countries. Sometimes little blisters can organize on the pes and itchiness is common. There are several self-care processs for Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot. Wash pess two times a twenty-four hours and dry well. Apply OTC anti-fungal pulverization, pick or spray between toes, socks and places. Wear clean socks made of cotton or wool because the natural fibres absorb some of the wet. Change socks during the twenty-four hours to assist pess remain dry and wear places that provide some airing, like sandals. Finally alternate places daily to allow each brace air out between erosions. If symptoms do non lessen after making all of the above, send the jock to a doctor for farther rating and intervention. To decrease the odds of your jocks undertaking Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot, educate them on bar. An Athletic Trainer can depic t marks and symptoms of this status so the jocks can catch it in its early phases. They are the 1s looking at their pess every twenty-four hours. An effectual manner to halt the spread Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot is to wear sandals in cabinet suites, showers and on the pool deck. 4 Besides from the Tinea household, Tinea Corporis ( tinea ) is found wholly excessively common in jocks. Once once more males are more frequently infected than females. The beings that cause ringworm can populate in worlds, animate beings and dirt. Tinea Corporis is contracted through direct or indirect contact with tegument of an septic individual. It is besides transmitted through floors, shower stables, benches that are contaminated. A less common manner in athleticss, but a manner none the lupus erythematosus is through petting septic puppies or kitties. Athletes are really susceptible to undertaking tinea because of the organic structure to personify contact they endure on a day-to-day footing. The damp part of the lesion is powerful with the disease and that assorted with perspiration can acquire everyplace. Athletic Trainers can descry Ringworm from the Swim squad to the hoops squad. However the greatest figure of persons who get ringworm every twelvemonth in sports are the gra pplers. They have changeless close contact and fluids are spread from the septic individual, to his opposition, so his opposition wrestles another individual and so on and so on. The mats are contaminated and when the grapplers come into the Training Room, the tabular arraies are contaminated as good. The marks and symptoms of Ringworm Begin with ruddy, somewhat 5 elevated lepidote spots. The lesions are pealing shaped and new spots arise on the fringe while the cardinal country clears up. This leads to the â€Å"ringworm appearance† . A great figure of people believe there is really a worm turning under the surface of the tegument but this is wholly untrue. The fringe may be dry and lepidote or moist and crusted. Tinea Corporis is found normally in non-hairy countries like the face, bole, weaponries and legs. Treatment for this status is really similar to that off Tinea Pedis. Wash the country often with soap and H2O. Apply OTC topical anti-fungal pick to the affected country as directed. Many Training Suites are already equipped with this pick. The jock should be excluded from swimming pools and activities that could expose others, including pattern while the lesion is unfastened. If the jock must take part in pattern, make certain the country is wholly and decently covered. A bioclusive covering, patch or tape can be used to dress the country. By the clip athletes, particularly grapplers, reach the collegial degree of competition they fundamentally know if they have ringworm. Daily introspection of the jock can catch the ruddy spot in its early phases and proper attention can get down instantly to 6 prevent distributing to other teammates. There are merchandises out on the market that can assist forestall transmittal of Tinea Corporis. An illustration of this is Kenshield. It is a froth that when applied becomes an unseeable protectant and barrier. Kenshield is specifically designed for sports and won # 8217 ; t rinse off with sweat. However, these merchandises can be expensive. A 22oz. Can of Kenshild, for illustration, is $ 18.00. This merchandise International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; T merely for jocks but is highly utile in protecting Athletic Trainers themselves. In add-on to Tinea Pedis and Corporis, Conjunctivitis ( tap oculus ) is really common in Athletics. Conjunctivitis is an redness of the conjunctiva, which the name would propose. The conjunctiva is a moist, delicate membrane that lines the interior of the palpebras and covers the Whites of the eyes. The fluids in an septic oculus is highly contagious. A individual may merely hold pinkeye in one oculus but if they itch the septic one and so rub the other, the infection is that easy distribute. If an jock touches their oculus and so embrace person or touches a doorhandle, other people are at hazard of going infected. Using other athlete # 8217 ; s apparels, towels, 7 oculus make-up or dark glassess can set him or her at increased odds. Conjunctivitis can normally distribute like wildfire throughout a swimming squad because of the sharing of goggles and towels. Sometimes the inflammation that is the first symptom is normally mistaken for annoyance from the Cl in the pool. Signs and symptoms of Conjunctivitis include scratchy or painful esthesis, lacrimation, and itchy and conceited eyes. The oculus is overly ruddy, resembling a # 8220 ; bloodshot oculus # 8221 ; . The most defining mark is difficulty opening eyes in the forenoon because the palpebras are # 8220 ; crusted # 8221 ; shut from mucose. There are two sorts of Conjunctivitis: viral and bacterial. Both produce really similar symptoms but the bacterial strain symptoms appear between 24-72 hours after exposure whereas the viral strain can run anyplace from 12 hours to 12 yearss. There are non many ways to handle Conjunctivitis. Sometimes, if left untreated, can run its class in a few ye arss but a bulk opt to see a physician to have oculus beads. To forestall spread of pink oculus, promote your jocks non to portion anything that would come near to touching the oculus. Catching pink oculus in the first twenty-four hours or so and get downing intervention, the jock may 8 forestall the spreading of the infection to the other oculus or to other teammates. In decision, the Athletic Training profession plays a major function in maintaining jocks healthy and viing in the athleticss they love by holding proper cognition of different diseases and infections. Even conditions that may non look of import like Tinea Pedis, Tinea Corporis and Conjunctivitis can do an jock free valuable playing clip. By being able to place the above jobs, cognizing how they are transmitted and how to forestall farther spread, the Athletic Trainer is taking major stairss to assist their jocks and maintain them every bit healthy as they can be. Bibliography Mentions Fedukowicz, H. ( 1985 ) . External Infections of the Eye. Appleton-Century Crafts. Hyndiuk, T. ( 1986 ) . Infections of the Eye. Little, Brown and Company. Easty, D.L. ( 1985 ) . Virus Disease of the Eye. Yearbook Medical Publishing Inc. Ogilvie, S. ( 1997 ) . Symptoms and Signs in Clinical Medicine. Butterworth A ; Heinmann. Holmberg, K. ( 1989 ) . Diagnosis and Therapy of Systemic Fungal Infections. Raven Press. Hamann, B. ( 1994 ) . Disease: Designation, Prevention, and Control. Mosby. Marder, R. ( 1997 ) . Sports Injuries of the Ankle and Foot. Springer. William claude dukenfields, K. ( 1997 ) . Medical Problems in Athletes. Blackwell Science. Sauer, G. ( 1996 ) . Manual of Skin Diseases. Lippincott-Raven.

How Statistics Is Applied in Our Everyday Life and Why It Is Useful Assignment

How Statistics Is Applied in Our Everyday Life and Why It Is Useful - Assignment Example The assignment analyzes the areas where statistical analyses can be applied in everyday life and how to do it in the most effective way. Statistics is defined as a branch of applied mathematics which is concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data, and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters. It can also be defined as a type of mathematical analysis involving the use of quantified representations, models, and summaries for a given set of empirical data or real-world observations. When used correctly, statistics tell us trends on what happened in the past and can be useful in predicting what will happen in the future. Police around the world in most countries release reports on crimes, mostly annually. These reports give information on whether the crime has reduced or increased over the past year. Crime statistics are collected from records compiled by the police, household survey, and hospital or insurance records. When people fall vic tims of criminal activities, they report to the police who record them down. From the number of reports they receive, they can make a conclusion about the frequencies of the crimes, the type of crime and finally be able to come up with conclusive crime rates. The area where the crime occurred is important because it helps in indicating the crime-prone areas. After analyzing the data they have, the police make a conclusive report which they often release to the public. Inferential statistics are procedures that allow researchers to generalize observations made with samples to the larger population from which they were selected. This is concerned with making predictions about a population from observations. Examples include linear regression and correlation analysis. When used correctly, statistics tell us trends on what happened in the past and can be useful in predicting what will happen in the future. Use of statistics in tackling criminal activities. Police around the world in mos t countries release reports on crimes, mostly annually. These reports give information on whether a crime has reduced or increased over the past year. Crime statistics are collected from records compiled by the police, household survey, and hospital or insurance records. When people fall victims of criminal activities, they report to the police who record them down. From the number of reports they receive, they can make a conclusion about the frequencies of the crimes, the type of crime and finally be able to come up with conclusive crime rates. The area where the crime occurred is important because it helps in indicating the crime-prone areas. After analyzing the data they have, the police make a conclusive report which they often release to the public. The crime rates are useful in determining whether a crime has reduced or increased between two relevant periods. The crime rates reported in different cities help tourists know which precautions to take while visiting these cities, and also which places to avoid while there.  

Business (i NEED A WRITER IN LAW OR CRIMINOLOGY ) Essay

Business (i NEED A WRITER IN LAW OR CRIMINOLOGY ) - Essay Example This right to confront your accuser in open court is regarded as the core of the  English trial system (and of course that of other jurisdictions based on it).   All criminal cases start in the Magistrates’ courts. Petty offences, or offences not serious in nature are dealt with by Magistrates’ court. They are called summary offences. All cases regarding these offences are decided entirely in the Magistrates’ Court. Apart from summary offences, there can be two other types of offences. One is known as either-way offence. In either-way offences, the suspect has a choice. His case can either be heard by the Magistrates’ court or if so desired, he can insist on trial by judge and jury in the Crown Court. Magistrates’ Court can impose fines up to  £ 5000, and punishments up to 12 months1. However, the Magistrates’ Court has power to impose more sentence if the defendant is charged with two or more offences, and at least two offences are either way offences. Over 95% of all criminal cases are dealt with by Magistrates’ Courts.2 Magistrates’ Courts may refer some cases to Crown Court if it reaches a conclusion that the defendant deserves more severe punishment than they can. However, all the three types of cases must be first heard by the Magistrates’ Court. This hearing is known as committal. Offences of the other type are known as indictable offences. Indictable offences are to be tried only by Crown Court. Indictable offences are more serious criminal cases such as murder, manslaughter, assault, rape or robbery. The Crown Courts can hear appeals from orders of Magistrates Courts. These cases in Magistrates’ Courts are heard by three lay magistrates (who are known as justices of peace) or by a District Judge. The magistrates are volunteers from the locality. District Judge is a trained lawyer. He is a government servant. The prosecution is usually carried out by the Crown Prosecution Service. A

Chemicals Together in an Effort to be Greener Essay Example for Free

Chemicals Together in an Effort to be Greener Essay Alhamdulillah, first of all, I would like to thank Allah as I could finish my chemistry assignment with the title of Chemistry in your daily life. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those that help me, contribute their suggestion and opinion in doing this assignment from the beginning until finish because, without their help, I might have little problem in this research. Even though a few problems occurred when doing the assignment but luckily it can be settled down. With a lot of effort, finally, this task can be sent to our lecturer before the submission date as well. Furthermore, a special thanks to my lecturer chemistry, Dr. Musfiroh bt Jani that deliver this assignment and explain clearly how to do this assignment with the concept of chemistry and how to applied it in daily life to make sure we can score chemistry and understand the true meaning of chemistry. We can do this without her as she guides and fix our mistakes from starting of this assignment and want to improve the new one so this assignment can be completely finished and get a better result. Next, big thanks go to other Chemistry lecturers that teach me and guide me as long as I was a student and will make sure I can understand properly what is chemistry, why we need to learn chemistry and the important thing is we learn this to understand the knowledge to apply in real life, not because the exam. They also teach me how to produce a good assignment and report. Moreover, many thanks to my parents that support me from for with their contribution especially by providing money to me as I need to find references and they also help me in give an idea to make sure I can finish my assignment. Last but not least, thanks to my friends that always support and stick with me when hard and happy in this life and for those who are directly and indirectly support and help me with the assignment. Have you ever wondered why ice melts a water evaporates? Why do leaves turn colors in the fall, and how does a battery generate electricity? Why does keeping foods cold slow their spoilage, and how do our bodies use food to maintain life? There are a lot of nature and phenomena life that happens around us that involved chemistry. Have you wondered what is chemistry? And what chemistry can do in our life? How chemistry can be important and relates to our life? All the question can be answered in Chemistry as chemistry provides really important understanding and how it can be applying in our daily life as a human. That is the reason why we need to study chemistry. By studying chemistry, we can learn to use powerful language and ideas to describe what happened because chemistry is universal science that covered all the process around us include matter and also the process of humans. Chemistry? What crossed in your mine about chemistry? Either about chemistry with friends, chemistry in doing the same things, chemistry in a relationship for couples or anything else. Yes, that’s all true but in science actually, chemistry is a study of matter, properties, and its behavior. Chemistry also provides an understanding background of matter which it can be divided by atoms, molecules, gas. Atoms are smallest particles of elements that exist surrounding us. It is made of three tiny particles that called subatomic particles which is protons, neutrons, and electrons. The center of the atom, called nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons. Every single thing in this world is made up of matter include our bodies. Chemistry is relating to everything in life and it is a large branch that needed by everyone. Not only doctor, but the dentist, pharmacist, nurse, geologist, and others need chemistry too. Chemistry can be divided into five main branches which are very wide in the application of life. The first is analytical chemistry which discusses uses qualitative and quantitative observation to identify and measure the physical and chemical properties of substances. In fact, all chemistry is analytical chemistry. Secondly is physical chemistry. As we know, physical chemistry is discussed physics combine with chemistry. Its about how matter can interact with energy. The important things in this topics are thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. The third branch of chemistry is organic chemistry which studies in compounds that contains carbon element. Carbon has many unique properties that allow it to form complex chemical bonds and very large molecules. Inorganic chemistry studies a materials such gases and metals that do not contain carbon as part of their make up. Last but not least is biochemistry is study of chemical processes that occur between organisms. Try to imagine the world without chemistry.

The Iliad of Homer Essay -- essays research papers

The Iliad of Homer Honor is something men and women have fought for century after century. Even now, thousands of American and British men are fighting in Iraq, near to where the Trojan War was to have taken place. These men fight for the greater good. They fight for those in Iraq who are unable to fight for or otherwise defend themselves. They fight for honor. The characters in the Iliad are motivated by their own form of honor, or arete, known similarly as the Homeric Code. And it is because of this code that the Trojan War began. The characters in this story are shown to possess arete, but some have different ideas as to how vastly and to what rate it should be respected. And because of this, many a man’s honor is disturbed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Homeric Code can be defined as â€Å"unwritten rules that guide the conduct of the Homeric Heroes.† For the Homeric Heroes, success means survival and greater honor; failure means death and removal from the struggle for honor. What the Heroic code means is that honor is more important than life itself. It is obvious throughout the books that the characters of high honor are the ones that ignore warnings to stay away from danger, battles, and the like. Courage, physical abilities, and social status are also important contributions to the Homeric code. To truly understand this code and the true dedication to it as told by Homer, means becoming accustom to the values kept by those in this story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ...

How Technology Has Change Our Lives Essay

Throughout the years technology is in constantly changing. It’s almost impossible just to think how different the technology was. I noticed how rapidly the technology change in our classrooms. For example, a video recorder or a side projector is almost obsolete now in days. We can now rely on most efficient technology. There are some good sides to this, for example we are no longer held captive by the prime-time schedules of a handful of networks. Now, with cable, internet and DVRs, we don’t have to wait for our favorite shows. Now we can go back and watch an entire seasons that we may have missed the first time around Social media has been for me the most important change; because, we depend on them as a way of communicate nowadays. Websites like twitter and Facebook have given birth to the new concept of social media marketing. From chat rooms, Messenger, Myspace and social dating has changed the way we are communicating, Instead of sending letters to respective destinations, it is very easy to send an email which will be received instantly. Along with these social sites, the way that people put themselves in the internet has now more impact in others than it did ten years ago. I think we underestimate the power of social media. Now days whatever you put on any social site is for the entire world, and is likely to be for a long time in the future. Family, friends, new bosses and co-workers, potential clients and business partners, prospective love interests they’re all checking you out. How you present yourself in the province of social media can change your life in ways you never thought possible for better and for worse. Read more:Â  Technology Changed Our Lives

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Essay

As it stands currently the existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply are: unemployment, consumer income, and interest rates. In this paper we identify the existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply. The American people have little to no income when unemployed, this in turn causes a decrease in demand for the economy. This type of event causes the aggregate demand to curve to the left. One of the main reasons unemployment remains high to this day is the lack of demand. A shortfall in aggregate demand is precisely the type of issue that can be addressed by monetary policy, however, to do so we need continuous monetary stimulus to progress toward maximum employment stability. The crash of the housing market has set tremendous limitation on consumer and their spending. Sternness on behalf of the government to a certain extent has decreased aggregate demand during this recovery period. These actions have directly impacted growth. Wh at this means to us is that lower government spending and higher taxes call for disposable income for consumers, work for government contractors diminishing, and a decrease in government payroll. Another factor that has had great effect and impact are the levels of uncertainty. The events leading to this state have yet to be resolved which in turn have caused a lack of willingness and confidence within consumers. In the beginning the levels of uncertainty reflected the force of influence the recession had on us as consumers. This is something that had not been experienced in several years which made it difficult for us to handle or even find a way to get by in a more successful demeanor. After extensive research and analysis it is safe to say the supply-side considerations explain some of the rise in unemployment, which once again confirm the lack of demand as well as the fact that the economy is suffering first and foremost of a weak demand rather than a shortage of supply. References Williams, J. C. (2013, February 25). The Economy and Fed Policy: Follow the Demand. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Retrieved from http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2013/february/economy-fed-policy-follow-demand/ Thoma, M. (2012, March 28). Demand, not supply, is restraining the economy. CBS News. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-57405230/demand-not-supply-is-restraining-the-economy/

Eureka Stockade essays

Eureka Stockade essays Analyse the causes of the Eureka Stockade In December 1854, a hundred and fifty gold diggers on the Ballarat goldfields finally rebelled against the Victorian government and built a wooden fort on a hill that became the Eureka Stockade. A main cause for this was the high price for the gold license that every miner had to carry. Another cause was the constant harassment of the diggers by the police, or traps during the license hunts. The final event that made the diggers anger snap was the murder of a miner by a hotel owner. Tensions on the goldfields were sparked by the gold licenses that were introduced by Governor Lrobe in 1851. It was the law that every male digger has to have one regardless of whether he found gold or not. Initially, these were very expensive at thirty shillings per month, but the price was later reduced to two pounds for three months. Despite the reduction in price, the diggers were still not satisfied as they thought that the gold license system was unfair and soon, unsuccessful diggers could no longer afford to keep renewing their licenses. Another cause of the rebellion was the license hunts carried out by the police. These would occur twice a week and would consist of police requesting miners to show their licenses. This made the miners agitated as they would be asked by police to show their licenses several times in one afternoon, this meant that shaft diggers would have to climb up the deep shaft many times during the day. If a digger was found to not have been carrying his license on him, they would be chained or tied up to logs and trees and be kept there during the heat of the sun and the freezing temperatures of the night. The miners would be punished like this if they had left their gold license at home or was not carrying it. The final incident that made the diggers snap was the murder of the miner Scobie by owner of the Eureka Hotel, James Bentley. ...

Criminal Behavior and Policing in America Essay

Criminal Behavior and Policing in America - Essay Example The definition of criminal behavior also changes with place. In some countries of the world, drugs such as marijuana are outlawed, and possession or use brings serious consequences. In other countries, the drug is sold and used openly. In the United States, California, Alaska, Colorado, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington state all allow the use of medical marijuana, although it is explicitly prohibited by federal law. Recently, a San Francisco Circuit Court of Appeals judge ruled that states can make their own medical marijuana laws, as long as the commerce does not involve any other state.  While ideas about the definition of criminal behavior in a time and place influence policing, political values and social conditions also shape our ideas about policing. Ebbe (2000) suggests that each country forms its ideas about policing based on custom and tradition, historical experience, and international events. America is customarily focused on traditions of individual freedom â€⠀œ but we surrender much of that freedom to policing agencies when serious domestic or international events pose a danger to our collective good. In fact, we are willing to surrender our – and our fellows’ – rights to amazing capacities. In American history, we can look to the Alien and Sedition Acts, the Schenck decision, the interment of Americans of Japanese ancestry during World War II, the House Un-American Activities Committee, and the Patriot Act. The notion that it is acceptable to surrender more authority. to policing agencies is well-chronicled and accepted in our nation’s history. Our history also shows periods of real isolationist sentiment that is

Power within organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Power within organization - Essay Example Referent power originates from being trusted and/or respected. One gains this power when employees in the organization trust what they do and respect them for how they handle various situations. For instance, a manager who uses his power positively to ensure policies are in place for ensuring employees is fairly treated. Sin, this form of power subordinate, comply since one is in authority, for instance, the boss. This power exists when employees recognize the authority of their leader. For instance, the executive manager who determines budgetary needs of the company. His positive or negative consideration boost his legitimacy Many junior workers are motivated by rewards and incentives to be submissive to the superior. This inner motivation is a positive example of reward power. Other examples would include salary increment, job promotion, etc. The role of reward power is to trigger that human feature that appreciates recognition for high achievement. Expert power originates from an individual’s experiences, knowledge, and skills. Whenever an individual gains experience they become thought leaders in those fields and gather expert power enough to get others to help them meet their goals. For instance, the senior engineer who is an expert designing various unique applicants can positively use his or her power to get